A Pilot's Guide to Ground Icing

Module V - Anti-Icing Operations

How to keep it off

Section: Module Overview

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If your aircraft is NOT certified for flight in icing conditions, or you have no intention to depart in freezing precipitation when an anti-icing application would be needed, then you may proceed to Module VI: Course Summary.

In this module, we assume that both

  • Your aircraft is certified for flight in icing
  • You have access to professional de-icing/anti-icing equipment.

De-icing with Type I fluid
Spray provider communicating with pilot

Only consider an anti-icing fluid application if your aircraft is certified for flight in icing


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Anti-icing fluids will protect your aircraft for a limited time in conditions of active frost and most (not all) freezing precipitation conditions. The time that the fluid is expected to protect your aircraft is known as the holdover time (HOT).

Anti-icing fluids DO NOT protect your aircraft after rotation.

Therefore, except for active frost, to even consider using anti-icing fluids in precipitation, your aircraft must be certified for flight in icing. Your POH or AFM should specify whether this is the case or not.

Anti-icing with Type IV fluid
Type IV fluid in freezing rain

Anti-icing fluids protect your aircraft for a limited time on the ground – never in the air.

In this module, we’ll discuss both what you need to know to make safe operational anti-icing decisions and offer operational strategies to ensure that the aircraft’s critical surfaces remain free from frozen contaminants.

These suggestions are meant to supplement, not replace, the procedures outlined by your company, the AFM, POH and your country's regulatory requirements or guidelines.

Pilot supervising anti-icing spray
Anti-icing equipment

Know the weather and fluids available to you to make intelligent decisions